When was lung cancer first identified

In , Dr. John Hill of London, proved the relationship between the use of tobacco and cancer in his case study. In , Harting and Hesse, two German physicians, first described the association between lung cancer and working in mines, and later radon gas was identified as the cause. In , Fritz Lickint, a German physician first described the association between smoking and lung cancer. In , U. Historical Perspective Discovery In , Dr. In , Harting and Hesse, two German physicians, first described the association between lung cancer and working in mines.

This discovery led to anti-smoking movement in Germany. In , " The British Doctors Study " was the first solid epidemiological evidence of the link between lung cancer and smoking. These laws: Required a health warning on cigarette package. Banned cigarette advertising in the broadcasting media.

Called for an annual report on the health consequences of smoking. In , Geoffrey Cooper, an American pathologist first used the NIH 3T3 focus assay to identify the activated K-ras oncogene in lung cancer cell lines.

New England Journal of Medicine. ISSN Treatment options are surgical resection removal and treating the affected area with a laser to kill the cancer cells. Stages I and II: tumor removal surgery. If surgery is not an option, radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy is recommended. Generally, patients in these two disease stages receive chest radiation treatment combined with chemotherapy Surgery is not recommended.

Stage IV. Cancers in this stage are not treated with surgery. Chemotherapy is the main treatment option. Radiation therapy may be recommended as well. Combinations of chemotherapy and radiotherapy are used. Surgery is not a treatment option except in rare cases during the very early stages of the disease.

Limited stage. Combination of chemotherapy and chest radiation therapy. Most patients also are offered brain radiation treatment.

Extensive stage. Originally, cigarettes were hand rolled and this made them expensive. James Buchanan Duke had no such qualms; he acquired 2 of the machines and went on to commercial success. World War I helped to popularize the smoking of cigarettes. Soldiers in the trenches smoked to relieve stress, and so did many civilians, including an increasing number of women at home. General John J. I answer tobacco as much as bullets. The trend in lung cancer incidence slowly decreased and, at least in men, appeared to flatten out.

There was, however, one lung cancer where it had been obvious for a long time that it might be caused by an external agent. As early as , attention was called to this particular condition. In two regions of Germany and Czechoslovakia, Schneeberg and Joachimsthal, there were productive mines, yielding first silver, later nickel, cobalt, bismuth, and arsenic. As a result, lung cancer in miners was recognized as an occupational disease—and the miners therefore entitled for compensation—in in Germany and in in Czechoslovakia.

Measurements published in in a German physics journal confirmed that the air in the mines contained high concentrations of radon gas, the highest more than 18, picocuires per liter.

The manufacture of the atomic bomb and the maintenance of a nuclear arsenal called for large amounts of uranium. In the U. The European experience should have alerted the mining companies to the potential hazards their workers were going to face. However, responsibility for protection was not given to the Atomic Energy Commission, but rather left to the individual states who lacked expertise and equipment to deal with the problem. Although it should have been obvious by then that poorly ventilated uranium mines caused lung cancer, evidence pointing in this direction was suppressed; apathy, bureaucratic conservatism, and government censorship prevented the problem from being tackled.

And although the problem has now been recognized for the health disaster it was, compensations are slow to come. During the last few decades, there has been a shift in forms of lung cancer.

In the early studies, the predominant lung cancer form in smokers was squamous cell carcinoma, mostly originating from the epithelium lining the airways. First noticed in , but confirmed mostly during the last two decades there occurred a shift to more peripherally located adenocarcinomas.

This is most likely a consequence of changes made in cigarettes. It was hoped that production of low tar, low nicotine cigarettes and the addition of filters might decrease cancer risk. It did not, most likely because of changes in smoking pattern. To fulfill the craving for nicotine, smokers of filter cigarettes may inhale smoke more deeply into the lung and retain it longer. With the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the filter, the preponderant carcinogens in smoke might be tobacco specific nitrosamines and volatile carcinogens in the gas phase.

Animal experiments lend plausibility to this; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons do cause squamous cell carcinomas in the lungs of animals, whereas nitrosamines are more likely to produce adenocarcinomas. All evidence linking lung cancer and smoking comes from human experience. Similarly, radon was recognized as a human carcinogen long before some animal data suggested that it was a carcinogen.

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